Ready-to-wear products preferred by individuals who are regular sports

Living conditions in today's metropolitan cities shorten the time it takes for individuals to do sports. With the Covid-19 pandemic, the use of the home office environment has increased, causing physical activities to be moved to the indoor environment. The home environment has brought people's desire for socialization, physical activity, reduction of anxiety levels, and psychological relaxation to the fore even more. The epidemic, which still continues after the closure of more than two years, has expanded the use of casual clothes in the field of formal wear. Employees at the global level have turned to the use of leisure clothing, which provides more comfort than in the past. Depending on this demand, production has also gained momentum in the global sports ready-to-wear industry. This study aims to determine the ready-made clothing products preferred by individuals who regularly do sports and compare them with global data. The data of the research, in which the descriptive method was selected, was collected from structured questionnaires and literature data. The study group consisted of 208 people who volunteered to participate in the research and whose answers were accepted as valid, among the people who regularly do sports in the four big cities of Turkey (Bursa, Ankara, Istanbul, Izmir). Some of the data were collected over the internet due to the epidemic, and some of the data were collected through face-to-face interviews in gyms. Descriptive statistics applied data show similarities with global-based apparel market data. Individuals do sports to stay physically and mentally healthy and socialize. Indoor sports halls and houses are the most preferred places for sports activities, and the most preferred clothing products are t-shirts, tracksuits, and undershirt/singlet. The findings have been interpreted comparatively with the global data. It has been tried to reveal the future-oriented data for the product groups and market segments of the companies.

Multi-criteria evaluation of mobile fitness applications during COVID-19 pandemic based on AHP

Fitness centres have been among the first businesses affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. It is clear that with the pandemic, users' choices for sports services and selection criteria for them have changed. During the pandemic, there has been a transition from traditional gym classes to virtual fitness classes. People have started to rapidly adopt these technology-based alternatives worldwide, and there has been an increase in the download and use of these mobile fitness applications. However, there are many alternatives to fitness applications for users. In this study, making the most effective selection among the alternatives in mobile applications where there are conflicting user criteria and identifying customer-oriented platform development proposals in terms of service providers are aimed to contribute to the relevant literature. The study has proposed an Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) model, one of the Multi-criteria Decision-Making approaches, for selecting the best choice among mobile fitness application alternatives where there is more than one alternative with more than one criterion and these criteria conflict with each other. The proposed AHP solution has a modular structure that can be easily adapted in case user preferences (criteria) changes and can flexibly be updated when the alternatives change.

Was it really different? COVID-19-pandemic period in long-term recreation monitoring - a case study from Polish forests. (Special Issue: Covid-19 and outdoor recreation.)

The COVID -19 pandemic posed serious challenge for securing public health worldwide. Public health preparedness and restrictions put in place impacted many aspects of human life, including recreational activities and access to outdoor recreational destinations. Green spaces have become one of the few sources of resilience during the coronavirus crisis due to their restorative effects on psychophysical health and community well-being. The aim of this study is to analyse the impact of the COVID -19 pandemic on forest visitation. The results are based upon long-term visitor data acquired via pyroelectric sensors (Eco-Counter) in three forest districts located in Poland (Browsk, Gdansk & Kozienice Forest Districts). The analysis covers the period between January 01, 2019 and December 31, 2020 and the results confirm changes in recreational use in the studied forest areas during the pandemic compared to the preceding year. However, observed changes in forest visitation vary by pandemic period and study area. The ban on access to forest areas significantly reduced the number of forest visits in all studied areas. The number of visits to sub-urban forests (Gdansk Forest District) and to remote nature-based tourist destinations (Browsk Forest District) increased in the later pandemic periods, especially in the summer months of 2020, while it remained the same in a popular nearby recreation area: Kozienice Forest District. There were only minor temporal shifts in the distribution of weekly and daily visits. The results are important for public health preparedness planning in crisis situations and for provisioning conditions supporting societal health and well-being. Objective data on forest visits are necessary for successful management of forest areas and surrounding amenities. More cross-sector collaboration and public participation would be desirable to create sustainable, resilient, and liveable spaces for the society. Management Implications: Long-term visitation monitoring is crucial for successful management of outdoor recreation destinations and their catchment areas. Objective numbers concerning forest visitation from the pre-pandemic and COVID-19 pandemic period allow observing trends and making fact-based management decisions during period of crisis. Changes in the investigated three forest study areas in Poland were not homogenous, which implies the necessity of systematic visitor monitoring in multiple destinations, in order to cover different types of forest areas and also local diversity in recreational use. More intersectoral, interdisciplinary and transdisciplinary exchange would be desirable to better integrate existing on-site visitor monitoring data into decision making processes related to forest management, urban planning, transportation, tourism and public health.

Social carrying capacity and emotion dynamics in urban national parks during the COVID-19 pandemic. (Special Issue: Covid-19 and outdoor recreation.)

The COVID-19 pandemic has changed the mobility, accessibility, and behaviors of visitors dramatically. Under the impact of COVID-19, the social carrying capacity and emotion dynamics in parks and recreation areas are expected to change due to the uncertainty of health risks associated with visitors' behaviors. This study conducted an on-site visitor survey at Leiqiong Global Geological Park, a national park located in urban-proximate areas in Haikou, China. This study aims to examine factors impacting visitors' perceived crowding and emotions under varying levels of visitor use in urban national parks in the context of COVID-19. Study results suggest that visitors have the highest level of motivation for scenery and culture viewing and are generally satisfied with the environmental quality and design and COVID-19 prevention strategies and implementation efforts within the park. Moreover, this study suggests that the level of crowding and COVID-19 prevention strategies and implementation can affect visitors' emotions in urban natioanl parks significantly. These findings highlight the importance of enforcing the social carrying capacity limits and COVID-19 prevention strategies for urban parks and protected areas to mitigate physical and mental health risks during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on the popularity of protected areas for mountain biking and hiking in Australia: insights from volunteered geographic information. (Special Issue: Covid-19 and outdoor recreation.)

Although the popularity of protected areas for recreation has been increasing, short term changes in visitation occurred during the COVID-19 pandemic. To examine how volunteer geographic information data can be used to monitor such often rapid changes in visitation across multiple locations, data from online fitness platforms for mountain biking (Trailforks) and remote area hiking (Wikiloc) were analysed before (2019) and during (2020-2021) the COVID-19 pandemic for 40 protected areas in Queensland, Australia. Mountain biking was popular with a total of 93,311 routes on Trailforks, with 26,936 routes in 2019, increasing to 37,406 in 2020, and then decreasing to 28,969 in 2021. Approximately 66% of all the routes were from just three urban protected areas out of the 12 with route data. There were 4367 routes for remote area hiking on Wikiloc across 36 protected areas, which increased slightly from 1081 in 2019, to 1421 in 2020 and to 1865 in 2021. Across 18 factors, distance from urban areas and networks of mountain biking trails best predicted popularity for mountain biking based on Generalised Linear Models. In contrast, average slope and large networks of hiking trails best predicted hiking, with similar results for each year. The two sources of online data were correlated with trail counter data, although not consistently. The results highlight how external factors affect visitation, but also how the same types of protected areas remained popular, and that the impacts of COVID-19 pandemic on visitation in South-East Queensland protected areas was less dramatic than for other regions. This study further highlights how volunteered geographic information can be used to assess the popularity of protected areas, including in rapidly changing conditions. Management implications Rapid changes in visitation can be challenging to monitor and manage, as occurred with the COVID-19 pandemic. The impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on mountain biking and hiking and factors predicting protected area popularity were examined across different parks. Visitation increased at different stages of the pandemic, with mountain bikers' preferring urban parks with networks of mountain bike trails while some hikers preferred more remote large parks. Managers can expand on traditional methods of visitor monitoring by using volunteered geographic information to monitor rapid and longer-term trends of visitation to protected areas.

COVID-19 compliance among urban trail users: behavioral insights and environmental implications. (Special Issue: Covid-19 and outdoor recreation.)

Public green spaces provide physical and mental respite, which have become essential and elevated services during the COVID-19 pandemic. As visitation to public parks and recreation areas increased during the pandemic, the challenge of maintaining visitor safety and protecting environmental resources was exacerbated. A key visitor safety practice during the COVID-19 onset was maintaining a physical distance of six feet (1.8 m) between groups. A novel data set documented and compared physical distancing compliance and off-trail behavior on multiple-use trails across multiple states and within select U.S. communities, attending to the impact of select environmental factors. Nearly 6000 observations revealed physical distancing compliance varied and the environmental factors of trail width, density, and signage influenced its variability. Similarly, off-trail movement was related to trail width and density. Clearly the environment matters as people negotiate the 'new normal' of physical distancing during physical activity and outdoor recreation participation. Given the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic and likelihood of future health crises, this project provides important information and insight for trail and other public green space management, monitoring, and modelling moving forward.

Reprint of: COVID-19 messaging in U.S. state parks: extensions of the outdoor recreation strategies and practices framework unmasked by the pandemic. (Special Issue: Covid-19 and outdoor recreation.)

U.S. state parks are a considerable part of the nation's recreation landscape. Understanding their management concerns, including impacts from pandemics, is imperative for sustainably achieving park objectives. Our study aimed to (1) examine park managers' responses to a novel stressor (COVID-19);(2) aid managers in communicating these strategies to visitors in their pre-visit phase;and (3) test a park management framework's ability to adapt to this novel stressor in this pre-visit phase. Manning and colleagues' outdoor recreation strategies and practices framework provides parks with up to 24 response options to an issue: four strategies intersecting with six practices. This framework has been limited to common in-park concerns and visitors. We examined how park systems communicate with potential visitors about COVID-19, to advance the framework toward broader concerns and scales. We analyzed the 50 U.S. state park systems' official COVID-19 communications at the traditional start of the peak use season (summer 2020). We qualitatively coded these for reference to the framework's components and mentions of scale. This highlighted that while "limit use" and "reduce impact of use" were the only strategies used, different practices and recognitions of beyond-park and beyond-visit scales were acknowledged (e.g., "please recreate close to home"). We suggest the data reveal a seventh practice in use and for framework inclusion: "influence pre-visit decisions". The pandemic provided an opportunity for parks to communicate their managerial responses with consistency and creativity, as well as an opportunity for researchers and managers to advance the strategies and practices framework.

Private RV (rooftop tent) camping in Southern Thailand

Recreational Vehicles (RVs) with rooftop tent for camping have become popular in Thailand from about 2016 on, prior to the COVID-19 pandemic. However, no proper outdoor hospitality parks (OHPs) were available for these campers. This study aimed to investigate RV (rooftop tent) camping focusing on private properties in the context of southern Thailand, because there has been less such camping in this area than in other areas of Thailand. The representatives of 11 private OHPs from 11 provinces, of the totally 14 provinces in southern Thailand, were initially selected by purposive sampling. Data were collected by survey, observation, digital photography, pilot study, and interviews with 11 representatives of the OHP operators. The data were subjected to descriptive analysis and triangulated with other outcomes. It was found that suitable RV (rooftop tent) camping parks varied from small to large in the following order: Songkhla, Phanggna, Trang, Phatthalung, Satun, Chumporn, Suratthani, Ranong, Krabi, Nakhon Si Thammarat, and Phuket provinces. Likewise, the suitable time for camping in the shade (not in direct sunlight) was from 04.00 p.m. to 10.00 a.m.

Protected area management effectiveness and COVID-19: the case of Plitvice Lakes National Park, Croatia. (Special Issue: Covid-19 and outdoor recreation.)

The decline in economic activities and tourism during the COVID-19 pandemic has reduced the pressure on the environment and protected area (PA) systems to some extent. However, the financial losses within nature-based tourism due to travel restrictions and park closures will negatively impact tourism income-dependent PAs' management effectiveness. This exploratory study incorporates a risk-assessment framework to investigate and provide first insights into the pandemic's influence on the delivery of management outputs in Plitvice Lakes National Park, Croatia. Although in 2020, this PA faced a 75% decline in overall revenue compared to the year before, analysis suggests that, in the short term, conservation-related outputs are least affected. Visitor management and PA efforts to support the local community's sustainable development are the most severely impacted first-order outputs. Third-order nature-based tourism-related outputs face average to high risks. This study's risk-assessment framework provides a starting point for a post-pandemic reassessment of the delivery of PA management outputs and decision-making about output prioritisation and resource allocation. Results suggest several new avenues for research.

Why do Japanese people visit hot springs during a pandemic? A psychographic segmentation analysis. (Special Issue: Covid-19 and outdoor recreation.)

An increasing number of tourism studies are focusing on travel anxiety, fear, and worry, especially in light of the COVID-19 pandemic. This study explored the impact of worry on individuals' intentions to visit Japanese hot springs (onsen) during the COVID-19 pandemic. A market survey (N = 1042) was conducted in Tokyo. Psychographic segmentation based on exploratory factor analysis was used to group Japanese respondents. Three separate segments emerged as a result: Concerned Visitors, Carefree Visitors, and Trusting Visitors;these segments were based on perceived threat intensity, perceived infectability, response efficacy, self-efficacy, and crowded perception and attitude. These segments were then profiled using factors based on demographic information and visit intention under three criteria: (a) without external travel incentives, (b) with an attractive travel package, or (c) discounts provided by the national Go to Travel campaign. Both attractive package prices and discounts provided by Go to Travel had a small effect on boosting visit intention. Notably, a carefree attitude toward COVID-19 did not increase visit intention and should not be considered a factor that may increase the number of people visiting onsen. Meanwhile, marital status and household composition significantly impacted intention to visit. The segments differed significantly by age, marital status, and family composition, but not gender.

The nature of the pandemic: exploring the negative impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic upon recreation visitor behaviors and experiences in parks and protected areas. (Special Issue: Covid-19 and outdoor recreation.)

The COVID-19 pandemic dramatically affected parks and protected areas and overall recreation visitation across the United States. While outdoor recreation has been demonstrated to be beneficial, especially during a pandemic, the resulting increase in recreation visitation raises concerns regarding the broader influence of social, situational, ecological, and behavioral factors upon overall visitor experiences. This study investigated the extent to which recreation visitors' behaviors and experiences have been impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic within the White Mountain National Forest (WMNF). A modified drop-off pick-up survey method was employed to collect population-level data from WMNF visitors from June to August of 2020 (n=317), at the height of the pandemic. Results from this mixed-method study suggest social factors (e.g., crowding and conflict), situational factors (e.g., access and closures), ecological factors (e.g., vegetation damage), behavioral factors (e.g., substitution), and sociodemographic factors (e.g., gender and income) significantly influenced overall visitor decision-making and experience quality within the WMNF. For example, more than one-third of visitors indicated the pandemic had either a major or severe impact upon their WMNF recreation experience. A more nuanced investigation of qualitative data determined that the majority of pandemic-related recreation impacts revolved around the themes of social impacts, general negative recreation impacts, situational and ecological impacts, and behavioral adaptation impacts. Moreover, historically marginalized populations (e.g., low-income households and females) within the sample reported significantly higher recreation experience impacts during the pandemic. This study demonstrates the influence of the pandemic upon outdoor recreation visitor experiences and behaviors and considers outdoor recreation as a central component within the broader social-ecological systems framework. This study demonstrates the influence of the pandemic upon outdoor recreation visitor experiences and behaviors and considers resource users a central component within the broader social-ecological systems conceptual framework.

Survey of citizens' satisfaction with urban parks in the COVID-19 pandemic: an online survey

Urban landscapes and green spaces are an important and integral part of urban spaces, these places play a significant role in improving the quality of life of citizens and increasing their well-being, so citizens' satisfaction with these places, especially in critical situations such as A pandemic is important, Therefore, citizens 'satisfaction with these places is especially important in critical situations such as pandemics. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to investigate citizens' satisfaction with urban parks in pandemic conditions. The required data have been obtained through library resources and questionnaires and have been analyzed by calculating the frequency and mean score of its variables. The results of the data showed that the role of urban parks in reducing the stress caused by the Covid 19 pandemic with an average score of 3.2 is significant and also the existence of an appropriate number of urban parks to reduce population density with an average score of 1.5 indicates a lack of urban green space. In general, it can be concluded that urban parks play an effective role in critical situations such as pandemics and their access should be maintained and strengthened, Also, the facilities needed by these parks to adapt them to pandemic conditions will be increased, in order to increase citizens' satisfaction with these places.

Development of 720.. virtual and augmented reality digital tour platform in the Xitou Nature Education Area

The Xitou Nature Education Area has attracted a huge tourist crowd due to its convenient transportation, perfect catering and accommodation conditions, welfare measures such as transportation and subsidies from the local government, as well as the electric vehicle service provided by the park for the disabled. Before the COVID-19 pandemic, there were about 1.5 million visits each year, resulting in the trails and facilities nearly saturated, causing potential damage and stress to the environment. The impact of the epidemic has reduced the number of tourists in the forest recreation area, which just to provide the park with a chance to breathe. In addition to the diversion measures, online virtual reality tours can be used to relieve the tourist crowd. This research cooperates with the existing server of the National Taiwan University Experimental Forest Management Office to complete the construction of the functions of the 720 panoramic tour platform, including visitor number statistics, settings, VR glasses, viewing angle, hot spots, map sand table, and tour guide. We also finished 22 aerial panoramas, 54 ground panoramas, and 13 indoor panoramas. The panoramic images shot in the air and on the ground of the park are linked and presented by the mobile digital panoramic virtual reality navigation platform developed by this research. The various sceneries in the park can therefore be presented through the internet and can be combined with the content of the tour guide to provide tourists and disabled people who cannot visit the scene in person the immersive experience. Moreover, when the manpower or budget for interpreting tours is insufficient in the future, in addition to reducing the workload of the interpretation in the park, an interactive interface can also be added through the platform to provide detailed interpretation information on the scenery, animals, and plants of each base, thereby improving the interpretation effect and tourism quality.

The influence of customer organizational socialization on customer citizenship behavior in theme parks

Theme parks feature different themes such as films and stories. They often socialize their patrons before they visit, which makes them an ideal context for exploring customer organizational socialization's influences. Considering the challenges theme parks face after the COVID-19, customer citizenship behavior, which is a kind of discretionary, spontaneous, and positive behavior towards the theme parks, is strongly suggested. This study aims to examine the relationship between customer organizational socialization and CCB towards organizations (CCB-O), employees (CCB-E), and other customers (CCB-C). Based on affective events theory, an integrated model is proposed with customer delight and affective commitment as the mediating factors. It is empirically tested on a sample of 413theme park visitors in Shanghai Disneyland and Ningbo Fantawild theme parks. Covariance-based structural equation modeling (CB-SEM) and bootstrapping methods through SPSS 25 and Mplus 8 are adopted as the key analytical techniques. The results reveal: (1) Customer organizational socialization positively influences all three targetbased CCB. It has the strongest total effect on CCB-O, and the weakest total effect on CCB-C. (2) Both customer delight and affective commitment play a mediating role in the relationship between customer organizational socialization and CCB. The affective commitment however is found to play a more critical role than customer delight. Specifically, customer delight does not mediate the effect of customer organizational socialization on CCB-E or CCB-C, while affective commitment mediates the relationships between customer organizational socialization and all three types of CCB. (3) Customer delight and affective commitment have different chain mediating effects between customer organizational socialization and different types of CCB. This study offers some theoretical contributions. First, this study enriched customer research by introducing theories from the organizational behavior field, and further highlighted customers' role as"partial employees". Second, this study explored the mechanism of customer organizational socialization on CCB at both emotional and attitudinal levels. The results in part challenged previous research that suggested customer delight is the core outcome of the theme park experience. Third, this study extended the application of affective events theory to customer research in the theme park context. The research findings are also insightful for theme park managers. First, various strategies can be taken to enhance customer organizational socialization. Successful theme parks always possess themes that have laid a good market foundation. Their visitors thereby absorb the knowledge before they visit the park, and are likely to do good things for the park. Second, ways to enhance customer delight and affective commitment, especially affective commitment, should be developed in theme parks, so that more CCB can be encouraged and help to alleviate the cost of running theme parks.

Marketing strategies to maintain and attract customers during the COVID-19 pandemic in gyms of Ribeirao Preto-SP, Brazil

Introduction: Brazil is ranked third in the world in fitness service billing, with 34,509 registered gyms. However, the COVID-19 pandemic brought challenges and a drop in this revenue. Consequently, the gyms were forced to adopt new management and marketing strategies to stay in the market facing the contemporary context. Background: To identify the sports marketing strategies used by gym managers in Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil, to keep and attract new customers during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: A qualitative study was performed through semi-structured interviews, conducted through the Google Meet tool, recorded to be transcribed and analyzed. Results: Among the strategies used by the six managers interviewed stand out: gym safety and cleanliness as marketing;the prioritization of the relationship with customers as the main form of retention;the overuse of bonus marketing;packages and more attractive monthly fees to keep and at the same time attract new customers;and, also the use of social networks as the main form of attraction. The problems were similar among the managers, with at least 1/3 indicating the lack of a specific budget for marketing, centralized campaigns in other locations or franchises, inefficient live broadcasts, and traditional marketing with a very high cost. Final words: The managers needed to overcome the pandemic obstacles to plan and promote marketing strategies for gyms with different objectives, public, and size. There are still few studies on the relationship between marketing and Brazil's fitness market, highlighting the importance of more studies that address this theme.

Football tourism: a systematic literature review

Objective of the study: to investigate the scientific production on football tourism literature, developing an overview of academic research related to the theme. Methodology/approach: systematic review of the literature, with a qualitative approach and exploratory-descriptive nature. Thus, after searching three databases, 16 articles published between the years 2015 and 2020 were selected. Originality/Relevance: despite football tourism having gained notoriety in recent years, both in the scope of scientific publications and in the increase in travel motivated by football interest, the analysis of theoretical and methodological advances emerges as unprecedented and indispensable. Main results: thus, it was noticed that these studies seek to analyze the profile and behavior of visitors, the motivations of displacements, the services offered by the tours, the impacts caused by sports mega-events and Covid-19. With regard to methodology, it was found a balance between qualitative and quantitative approaches, and a lower percentage (12.5%) of research using mixed methods. In this case, as a highlight of qualitative studies, ethnographic research in the field of football tourism stands out. While in quantitative approaches, there is an innovation in the way of analyzing data, with the use of Monte Carlo methods and unconditional quantile regression, in addition to the confirmatory factor analysis and the social accounting matrices. Theoretical/methodological contributions: from an analysis of the theoretical and methodological contributions of these articles, a synthesis was elaborated to report how such studies address the displacement of fans and the tourist attractiveness of stadiums, as well as the methodological procedures applied in the research.

Urban green areas in the city of Joao Pessoa/PB and the COVID-19 pandemic: a case study in Parque Solon de Lucena

The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly affected the health and well-being of people around the world. In this period, urban parks and green areas were recognized as vital for the physical and mental health of the population. However, in Brazil, studies in the context of the pandemic are scarce. In this sense, the objective of this research was to understand the importance and benefits of urban green areas for users' physical and psychological well-being from a study in Parque Solon de Lucena, in Joao Pessoa-PB, in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. Fifty interviews were conducted with park visitors. The results showed that most users had completed high school, and more than half (58%) of visitors were between 16 and 35 years old. It was also verified that the population perceives the benefits for the well-being provided by the park and that the relaxation of restrictive measures led to an increase in interest in attending the park.

Resident support for tourism amidst COVID-19 pandemic in Bromo Tengger Semeru National Park, Indonesia: a cluster analysis approach

National parks (NPs) have become a rapidly growing segment of nature-based tourist destinations. However, the COVID-19 pandemic has impacted tourism activities across Indonesian NPs. While existing studies have scrutinized the impact of COVID-19 on tourism, studies that focused on clustering residents adjacent of NPs to support tourism amidst the COVID-19 pandemic remain underexplored. To unveil how residents are clustered, we assess residents in Ngadisari and Wonokitri villages based on their distinctive opinions of perceived benefits (PB), perceived costs (PC), perceived health risks (PHR), and support for tourism (ST). Totally, 354 respondents were obtained. We found that residents are clustered into two clusters named tourism supporters and cautious supporters. Tourism supporters are identified by their high agreement on PB and ST, and low agreement with PC. In contrast, Cautious supporters hold lower agreement in PB and ST, and higher agreement on PC and PHR. Our findings revealed that residents are heterogeneous and constitute a distinctive group of opinions and interests. Therefore, the design of policies and interventions should be adjusted based on those clusters.

Strategies to help fill the staffing gap

At the height of the COVID-19 pandemic, many staffers of aquatic and recreation facilities were forced to seek employment elsewhere, and now facilities and their affiliated services are finding themselves short-staffed. This article suggests ways aquatic and recreation centres can overcome the current staffing crisis. It discusses (i) how facilities can find employees to replace those who were forced to leave during the lengthy government-mandated closures;(ii) what subsets of job seekers might be targeted;and (iii) what other strategies might be employed to help retain current employees.

Present security of the neighbourhood urban parks considering SARS-CoV-2 potential spreading - a case study in Ursynow district in Warsaw

Motives: It is expected that COVID-19 pandemic will impact future design, use and perception of urban green spaces such as public parks. How to facilitate residents' safe use of the urban green spaces and reduce health risks has become important question to consider by landscape architects and municipal authorities responsible for the public green areas resources. This research focuses on examination of urban parks of a typical residential district of a large city in terms of their security in time of COVID-19 pandemic. Aim: In urban parks of Ursynow district in Warsaw were assessed: quality and present security and possibilities of re-adjustments to increase their security.